A New, Morphologically Cryptic Species of Adenomera Closely Related to Adenomera araucaria from the Atlantic Forest of Southern Brazil (Anura, Leptodactylidae)
We describe a new species of Adenomera from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest corresponding to one of the candidate species indicated in the published phylogeny of the genus (“sp. R”). The new species differs from all 18 congeners by the combination of small size, absence of toe discs, and the advertisement call composed of a single nonpulsed note with pronounced frequency upsweep. From the closest related and morphologically cryptic Adenomera araucaria, the new species is distinguished only by its nonpulsed advertisement call (multipulsed call in A. araucaria). The new species is distributed in the Serra do Tabuleiro mountain range and the Santa Catarina Island, as well as localities in between them in the eastern portion of the state Santa Catarina. This is the second Adenomera species endemic to the Atlantic Forest of eastern Santa Catarina in southern Brazil, sympatric to Adenomera engelsi and allopatric to the sibling A. araucaria. Descrevemos uma nova espécie de Adenomera da Mata Atlântica brasileira, que corresponde a uma das espécies candidatas indicadas na filogenia publicada para o gênero (“sp. R”). A nova espécie se distingue de todos os 18 congêneres pelo pequeno tamanho corporal, ausência de discos nos artelhos e canto de anúncio composto por um tipo único de nota não pulsada com modulação ascendente bem marcada. Em relação à espécie irmã e morfologicamente críptica A. araucaria, a nova espécie se diferencia apenas pelo canto não pulsado (canto multi-pulsionado em A. araucaria). A espécie está distribuída pela formação da Serra do Tabuleiro e na Ilha de Santa Catarina, bem como em localidades intermediárias entre elas no leste de Santa Catarina. Esta é a segunda espécie de Adenomera endêmica da Mata Atlântica do leste de Santa Catarina, na região sul do Brasil, ocorrendo em simpatria com Adenomera engelsi e em alopatria com a espécie irmã A. araucaria.Abstract
Resumo
The 50% majority rule consensus tree from Bayesian inference of partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) showing Adenomera kweti and its relationships within Adenomera. Numbers above branches indicate posterior probabilities and numbers below branches indicate maximum likelihood nonparametric bootstrap values. Within-species support values are not shown. Asterisks (*) indicate full support.
Live adult males of (A,B) Adenomera kweti (Serra do Tabuleiro State Park, eastern Santa Catarina) and (C,D) Adenomera araucaria (São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul) from their respective type localities in southern Brazil. (A,B) Holotype: CFBH 43184 (SVL 17.0 mm); (C,D) topotype: CFBH 43928 (SVL 17.8 mm).
Preserved holotype of Adenomera kweti (adult male, CFBH 43184; SVL 17.0 mm). (A,B) dorsal and ventral body, (C) lateral head, (D) palm of hand, (E) sole of foot. Scale bars = 5 mm.
Advertisement calls of Adenomera kweti (A–C) and Adenomera araucaria (D–F) from southern Brazil. (A) Nonpulsed notes of the holotype CFBH 43184, recorded from Serra do Tabuleiro State Park. (B) The third nonpulsed note in A. (C) Nonpulsed note of the male UFMG 7080, recorded from the Santa Catarina Island. (D) Multipulsed notes of the male topotype CFBH 43927, recorded from São Francisco de Paula. (E) The first multipulsed note (seven pulses) in (D). (F) Thirteen-pulse note of an unvouchered male from São Bento do Sul. Time-domain sections (A,D; ca. 5 sec) and spectrograms/oscillograms (B,C,E,F; ca. 0.5 sec) were produced approximately on the same time scale. Information on sound recordings is given in Appendix 2.
Color variation in the type series of Adenomera kweti. (A–D) Paratypes: CFBH 43183 (SVL 17.8 mm), CFBH 43187 (SVL 15.4 mm), CFBH 43188 (SVL 16.5 mm), and CFBH 43190 (SVL 15.7 mm), respectively.
Geographic distribution of Adenomera kweti and Adenomera araucaria across the three states in southern Brazil. Colors correspond to elevation quotas: white (up to 500 m), light gray (above 500 m), dark gray (above 1,000 m). White symbols indicate type localities.
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